捣冒口（捣冒口）

正文

侧板壁薄且较均匀，不易产生缩孔铸造缺陷，但易产生浇不足、变形缺陷。另外，高锰钢材质的裂纹倾向大，因此我们采用立浇方式，开设阶梯式内浇口，上下两层，并从铸件一端处开设，这样浇注后钢液由下而上逐层平稳允型，可减轻铸件局部过热，使铸件凝固时温度均匀，有利于消除裂纹及防止铸件浇注后产生变形。防止金属液进入铸型时产生冲击和喷溅现象，内浇口做成变截面喇叭式，选用∑F直：∑F横：∑F内=3：2.8：1的浇注系统，这样就保证了在整个浇注过程中铸型始终处于封闭的负压下。

在浇注过程中，由于泡沫模样裂解产生的气体、焦状体、残余渣物常浮挤至远离浇口的铸件顶端，因此在远离浇道的顶端处设置了出气、集渣冒口。

铸件质量检验

捣冒口

(2)铸件内在质量　将生产出的铸件用气割解剖，观察其各部分断面，发现均无缩孔、缩松、夹渣、气孔和砂眼等铸造缺陷，能够保证侧板的技术要求。

(3)铸件金相组织和力学性能　侧板采用1050℃(1.5h)水冷的水韧热处理工艺，经观察，铸件金相组织为奥氏体。对力学性能进行了检测，符合侧板的技术要求。

基本术语

2.1铸造casting,founding,foundry

2.2砂型铸造sandcastingprocess

2.3特种铸造specialcastingprocess

2.4铸件casting

2.5毛坯铸件roughcasting

2.6砂型铸件sandcasting

2.7试制铸件pilotcasting

2.8铸态铸件as-castcasting

2.9铸型[型]mold

2.10铸造工艺castingprocess，foundrytechnology

2.11铸造用材料foundrymaterials

2.12铸造工艺材料consumablematerials

2.13铸造设备foundryequipment,foundryfacilities

2.14铸工caster，founder，foundryworker

2.15铸造工作者foundryman

2.16铸造车间foundryshop

2.17铸造厂foundry

2.18铸造分厂attachedfoundry，captivefoundry，tiedfoundry

2.19铸造三废foundryeffluent

2.20一批ａbatch

2.21一炉acast，aheat，amelt

2.22铸焊castwelding，flowwelding

2.23铸锭ingot

3铸造合金及熔炼、浇注

3.1铸造合金基本术语

3.1.1铸造合金castalloy

3.1.2共晶合金系eutecticalloysystem

3.1.3共晶合金eutecticalloy

3.1.4亚共晶合金hypoeutecticalloy

3.1.5过共晶合金hypereutecticalloy

3.1.6共晶团eutecticcell

3.1.7共晶温度eutectictemperature

3.1.8共晶转变eutecticreaction，eutectictransformation

3.1.9共晶组织eutecticstructure

3.1.10铸造复合材料castcomposite

3.1.11定向共晶复合材料directionaleutecticcomposite

3.1.12非晶态合金noncrystallinealloy

3.1.13合金元素alloyingelement

3.1.14杂质元素trampelement

3.1.15合金遗传性alloyheredity

3.1.16铸态组织as-caststructure

3.1.17铁碳相图iron-carbonphasediagram

3.1.18碳化物carbide

3.1.19渗碳体cementite

3.1.20碳化物形成元素carbideformingelement

3.1.21单铸试块separatedtestbarofcasting

3.1.22附铸试块testlug

3.1.23本体试样testspecimenfromcastingitself

3.1.24过热superheating

3.1.25过冷supercooling，undercooling

3.1.26成分过冷constitutionalsupercooling

3.1.27过冷度degreeofundercooling

3.1.28加热相变点[Ac相变点]Actransformationtemperature

3.1.29冷却相变点[Ar相变点]Artransformationtemperature

3.1.30结晶crystallization

3.1.31形核[成核]nucleation

3.1.32均质形核[自发形核]homogeneousnucleation

3.1.33非均质形核[非自发形核]heterogeneousnucleation

3.1.34动力形核dynamicnucleation

3.1.35大冲击形核bigbangnucleation

3.1.36形核剂nucleant

3.1.37形核率nucleationrate

3.1.39内生生长endogenousgrowth

3.1.40外生生长exogenousgrowth

3.1.41共生生长coupledgrowth

3.1.42小平面型生长facetedgrowth

3.1.43非小平面型生长nonfacetedgrowth

3.1.44晶体生长界面[界面]growthinterfaceofcrystal，interface

3.1.45吸气（金属）gasabsorption（metal）

3.2铸钢

3.2.1铸钢caststeel

3.2.2铸造碳钢carboncaststeel

3.2.3铸造合金钢alloycaststeel

3.2.4低合金铸钢lowalloycaststeel

3.2.5微量合金化铸钢micro-alloyingcaststeel，tracealloyingcaststeel

3.2.6铁素体铸钢ferriticcaststeel

3.2.7奥氏体铸钢austeniticcaststeel

3.2.8不锈钢stainlesssteel

3.2.9无磁性铸钢non-magneticcaststeel

3.2.10高锰钢austeniticmanganesesteel，highmanganesesteel

3.2.11高强度铸钢highstrengthcaststeel

3.2.12超高强度铸钢ultrahighstrengthcaststeel

3.2.13耐磨铸钢wearresistingcaststeel

3.2.14耐热铸钢heatresistingcaststeel

3.2.15耐蚀铸钢corrosionresistingcaststeel

3.2.16石墨钢graphiticsteel

3.2.17铸造锚链钢caststeelforchaincables

3.3铸铁

3.3.1铸铁castiron

3.3.2合成铸铁syntheticcastiron

3.3.3共晶铸铁eutecticcastiron

3.3.4亚共晶铸铁hypoeutecticcastiron

3.3.5过共晶铸铁hypereutecticcastiron

3.3.6灰铸铁[片墨铸铁]flakegraphitecastiron，graycastiron

3.3.7球墨铸铁[球铁]ductileiron，nodulargraphiteiron，spheroidalgraphitecastiron

3.3.8高韧性球墨铸铁highductilitynodulargraphiteiron

3.3.9中锰球墨铸铁mediummanganeseductileiron

3.3.10中硅球墨铸铁mediumsiliconnodulargraphiteiron

3.3.11可锻铸铁[马铁]malleablecastiron

3.3.12白心可锻铸铁whiteheartmalleablecastiron

3.3.13黑心可锻铸铁blackheartmalleablecastiron

3.3.14花心可锻铸铁partiallygraphitizedmalleablecastiron

3.3.15铁素体可锻铸铁ferriticmalleablecastiron

3.3.16珠光体可锻铸铁pearliticmalleablecastiron

3.3.17球墨可锻铸铁spheroidalgraphitemalleablecastiron

3.3.18蠕墨铸铁[蠕铁，紧密石墨铸铁]vermiculargraphitecastiron,compactedgraphitecastiron

3.3.19白口铸铁whitecastiron

3.3.20麻口铸铁mottledcastiron

3.3.21奥氏体铸铁austeniticcastiron

3.3.22贝氏体铸铁bainiticcastiron

3.3.23贝氏体球墨铸铁bainiticductilecastiron，austferriticductilecastiron

3.3.23贝氏体球墨铸铁bainiticductilecastiron，austferriticductilecastiron

3.3.23贝氏体球墨铸铁bainiticductilecastiron，austferriticductilecastiron

3.3.24等温热处理球墨铸铁austemperedductileiron，ADI

3.3.25贝氏体白口铸铁bainiticwhitecastiron

3.3.26针状铸铁acicularcastiron

3.3.27马氏体铸铁martensiticcastiron

3.3.28铁素体铸铁ferriticcastiron

3.3.29珠光体铸铁pearliticcastiron

3.3.30索氏体铸铁sorbiticcastiron

3.3.31合金铸铁alloycastiron

3.3.32低合金铸铁lowalloycastiron

3.3.33铬铸铁chromiumcastiron

3.3.34高铬铸铁highchromiumcastiron

3.3.35高硅铸铁highsiliconcastiron

3.3.36中硅铸铁mediumsiliconcastiron

3.3.37高磷铸铁highphosphoruscastiron

3.3.38铝铸铁aluminumcastiron

3.3.39高铝铸铁highaluminumcastiron

3.3.40镍铸铁nickelcastiron

3.3.41硼铸铁boroncastiron

3.3.42高级铸铁highgradecastiron

3.3.43高强度铸铁highdutycastiron，highstrengthcastiron

3.3.44工程铸铁engineeringcastiron

3.3.45特种铸铁specialcastiron

3.3.46抗磨铸铁abrasionresistantcastiron

3.3.47冷硬铸铁[激冷铸铁]chilledcastiron

3.3.48耐磨铸铁wearresistingcastiron

3.3.49耐热铸铁heatresistingcastiron

3.3.50耐蚀铸铁corrosionresistantcastiron

3.3.51耐酸铸铁acidresistingcastiron

3.3.52密烘铸铁Meehanitecastiron

3.3.53孕育铸铁inoculatedcastiron

3.3.54总碳量totalcarbon

3.3.55碳当量carbonequivalent

3.3.56碳当量仪eutectometer

3.3.57共晶度carbonsaturationdegree

3.3.58硅碳比silicon-carbonratio

3.3.59锰硫比manganese-sulphurratio

3.3.60铸铁石墨形态graphitemorphologyofcastiron

3.3.61片状石墨[片墨]flakegraphite

3.3.62球状石墨[球墨]nodulargraphite，spheroidalgraphite

3.3.63絮团状石墨[退火碳]tempergraphite，annealingcarbon

3.3.64团絮石墨quasi-spheroidaltempergraphite

3.3.65蠕虫状石墨[蠕墨，紧密石墨]compactedgraphite，vermiculargraphite

3.3.66开花状石墨explodedgraphite

3.3.67初生石墨primarygraphite

3.3.68过冷石墨undercooledgraphite

3.3.69共晶石墨eutecticgraphite

3.3.70共晶碳化物eutecticcarbide

3.3.71游离碳freecarbon

3.3.72石墨化graphitization

3.3.73石墨化退火graphitizingannealing

3.3.74石墨化度graphitizinggrade

3.3.75石墨化因子graphitizingfactor

3.3.76石墨面积率percentageofgraphitearea

3.3.77阻碍石墨化元素hinderedgraphitizingelement

3.3.78墨化剂graphitizer

3.3.79石墨球化处理[球化处理]nodularizingtreatmentofgraphite

3.3.80球化率percentofspheroidization

3.3.81石墨球数[球墨数]numberofnodulargraphites

3.3.82球化剂nodulizer，nodulizingalloy，spheroidalagent，spheroidizer

3.3.83镁焦magcoke,impregnatedcoke

3.3.84型内球化in-moldnodularization

3.3.85密容加镁包sealedspheroidizingtreatmentladle

3.3.86干扰元素interferenceelement

3.3.87石墨蠕化处理[蠕化处理]vermiculationofgraphite